It will be used constantly for scratches, scrapes, wounds, burns, hemorrhoids, eczema, dry lips and poison ivy. Your tax-deductible contribution plays a critical role in sustaining this effort. There are other cautions they mention - one really ought to do one's OWN research before diving into the deep end on this one! OWEzZTU1MGExZjQzZWNjYThkNjQ3YWE3ODMyYmE1ZDlkYTYxMzc2NWFjYTJj What is really sweet is that my rooster is very protective of her and my son found him snuggled up with her under the chicken coop last evening! The internal bony structures related to hearing functions are well protected by the dense and hard ear bones, and are often preserved in exquisite condition. Use an old t-shirt to strain out the leaves. Two weeks later I was cleared to ride my motorcycle. Recently I used fresh comfrey leaves internally when I had a suspected ulcer (from a prescription I was taking.) (DF) Protocetidae indet. Please DO some REAL research and find out the truth and stop being a mindless repeating station for bunkum that that Big Pharma want you to keep repeating and scare people off. It's known to heal wounds extremely fast as well (I use a pre-made ointment of comfrey and aloe on scratches and minor wounds and they disappear overnight). For now, the evolutionary epic of whale echolocation is only just beginning to be heard. I suggest the people squarking about the "liver damage" danger, do likewise. The Surgeon told me two weeks after surgery that the bone growth he saw in the x-rays was what he usually saw at one month. GrrlScientist (2018). Micro-CT scanning designed to probe fossils uses x-rays that are far more intense than those employed by conventional medical micro-CTs used to examine the insides of living beings. 2019 Dec;384:107810. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107810. Spend $100 or More & San Diego State University. Whatever made me happy. Epub 2012 Oct 23. NDc1YTZjMzI4MzIyYWQ4ZTBjODVhNDViYTM4OWIzNmJhNzljNDJhYjI4MDQ2 Overview of the cetacean tympanic bone. Well, it did nothing for my lipoma but I had an indented scar on the side tip of my nose that dug into my cartilage from a cancerous growth being removed. Metaphysical Properties: Whale Ear Bones have been used in healing rituals by Metaphysical Properties:Whale Ear Bones have been used in healing rituals by shamans and Native American medicine men. Because water is five times more dense than air, there is a "acoustic impedance mismatch" between the two media, so an air-filled human ear is nearly useless underwater. To accomodate for this mismatch, baleen whales have a wax plug filling their external ears. This plug is thought to transmit sound to the inner ear from the water. While the whale's soft tissue rotted away long ago, the skull bones show several featuressuch as a downturned snout and a slight asymmetry of the skullthat suggest Cotylocara was one of the earliest whales to use echolocation, Geisler's team reports online today in Nature. From South Carolina. The correct name for contacting Majestic Mountain Sage is thesage.com. This is a large, fossilized whale inner ear bone (Tympanic Bulla) that is Miocene in age. We just put about a cup in a large kettle and make a tea and he soaked his foot in it. I never had a cast because three different doctors failed to recognize a clean break in my left tibia as the cause of the swelling and pain in my leg. 1999 Jul;133(1-2):71-81. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00054-4. Highlighted Cochlea (AC) ?Carolinacetus sp. Proc Biol Sci. San Diego State University. NmMwMDZkZTEzOWIyNzUwZjk1MmNmNjZmNDRmODJhZGZkZDYwNTc1YzEzMmE3 Of mice, moles and guinea pigs: functional morphology of the middle ear in living mammals. "There is a blueprint for multiple species and it is useful to compare across species to gain insight," Krysl explained. After two trips to the hospital it was confirmed that he had indeed broken it. Toss spent herbs or compost or feed to chickens. It was a clean break so they just put a cast on. WebThe front limbs of whales land-roaming ancestors grew much shorter and transformed into pectoral fins. Stir the oil and leaves daily for 2 weeks. Whale Ear Bone Fossil Whale Ear Bone - Miocene I make my own comfrey salve every year from my home grown Comfrey plants. (Low if I will be around enough to keep refilling the water. "At that point, computationally, it's just a simple physics problem," Cranford explained. Dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema can all benefit from comfrey. ZTYzZjU2YWQzZDhiMmY3MzBkZDY4MmYzY2M1OTQ5OWFmOTNhMzEyN2UyZDE5 Deletions from the Genome, End for Indus Megacities: Prolonged Droughts. Was this remedy applied topically or taken as a tonic? How did it go? The ossicles in the air-filled middle ear cavity form a bridge from the tympanic plate to the periotic bone connecting the vibrating plate to the oval window and the inner ear. Unique Biochemical and Mineral Composition of Whale Ear Bones Take it and get healed and avoid the medical/pharma juganaut that is NOT for your health. He could not believe how fast it had healed, he left the cast off and now I have a soft splint. I usually test before pouring by putting a bit in the freezer for a couple of minutes. We also studied the amino acid composition of the cetacean involucrum relative to that of other skeletal bone. Of course she didn't believe him until she pressed, twisted and pushed on his foot without him uttering a sound. Sometimes I used dried fresh comfrey leaf. Hear Res. This ancient marvel rivaled Romes intricate network of roads, For some long COVID patients, exercise is bad medicine, Radioactive dogs? WebThis is a fossil whale cervical (neck) vertebrae from the Hawthorn Formation of South Carolina. Bone broth would be a good addition to the diet to promote bone and joint healing as well. A, Skull of a beluga whale in ventral view, with right tympanic bone circled, to show the general anatomy of the cetacean petrosal and tympanic bone and sampling sites. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. I posted how my hair started growing while taking supplements to resist COVID in early 2020. Abbreviations: IF, infrasonic frequencies; MF, midfrequencies; UF, ultrasonic frequencies. These amino acid results are evidence of rapid bone development. It can cause the outer layers of tissue to form before the deeper layers, increasing the risk of infection. The central involucrum had low glycine and hydroxyproline concentrations but high concentrations of nonessential amino acids, unlike most bone samples but similar to the tympanic of hippos and the (pachyosteosclerotic) ribs of manatees. Radiance (WA), I broadly concur regarding your comments concerning Comfrey! Fresh or dried comfrey can be used. Call 888-290-3363 today to begin your transformation! For one, ears that "float" inside a whale's head allow it to figure out where sounds are coming from underwater. He applied the cream, made from the plant root, three times a day. My advice: If you are sick, try it. She then would make a paste out of it, spread the paste on a cotton cloth, wrap it around her arm, and put elastic bands or safety pins in to secure it. "I think the authors have a good case for inferring that Cotylocara had some ability to produce some sound from its forehead, just as living toothed whales do today," says Nicholas Pyenson, a marine mammal paleontologist at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. I see comfrey as the crazy glue of broken bones and skin". There are quite a few controversial remedies discussed on this website that are difficult to find discussed in other places. Comfrey for the ankle. Baleen whales rely on [+] infrasonic sounds. GrrlScientist (2018). It's possible these new findings will help legislators decide on limits to oceanic human-made noise, but Cranford stressed that what's most important about their project is that they managed to solve a long-standing mystery about a highly inaccessible animal. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Use this square to strain out the oil into another jar. The x-ray revealed that my bone was fractured in two places. I do need to be more consistent. Not bad for a 58 year old female. For one, ears that "float" inside a whale's head allow it to figure out where sounds are coming from underwater. In fin whale material properties of tympanic bulla have been characterized by very low bending strength and impact resistance, however by high modulus (1431 GNm 2) and high density (2.06 10 3 2.47 10 3 kg/m 3) [ 19 ]. The name Majestic Mountain Sage is correct. I will have to look into silica for my own hair! I have done both. on the PCA of Churchill et al. NWM5NGU5MGEyMTVlNDI1MGY5MTgyMGU0OTBhZTE5NjhjYjIxNzNlMGQ3ZDM4 I put the crock pot on warm or low for 3-4 days. Cranford and Krysl have studied many species of toothed whales and beaked whales over the past 13 years, as well as dolphins and fish. Go to marine mammal acoustic article. Dolphins, orcas, and other toothed whalesknown as odontocetespinpoint their prey by producing high-frequency sounds that bounce around their marine environment and reveal exactly where tricky fish are trying to hide. This ordinary woman hid Anne Frankand kept her story alive, This Persian marvel was lost for millennia. Now you have comfrey infused oil. For every 4 ounces of comfrey oil, melt in1 Tablespoon of beeswax. The resulting three dimensional representations of the interior structure of the cavity within the petrosal bone is known as an endocast. A natural practitioner will be able to help you understand any specific concerns about comfrey use for your own situation. After a while I was convinced it was the Lecithin that had started my hair growing and smoothed my nails out in early 2020. But little is known about how they actually process these sounds. Now, researchers have found that the whales have specialized skulls that can capture the energy of low frequencies and direct it toward their ear bones to hear. Fossilized Whale Middle Ear Bones - Celestial Rainbow Understanding how baleen whales hear has posed a great mystery to marine mammal researchers. What you need is to dissolve allantoin, which is not soluble in water. Axolotls and capybaras are TikTok famousis that a problem? Triangles represent extant (orange) and Paleogene (yellow) land artiodactyls. It was collected from a river in Southeast United States where they are found associated with Megalodon teeth and other fossil shark teeth. Can You Hear Me Now? What Whale Ears Have That Ours Don't By the end of the evening the swelling was almost all gone. It is only to be used topically. However, little information was available about how baleen whales actually hear for government regulators to base new legislation on. I had an individual sprain his ankle really bad, it had a huge knot on the side of the ankle and was swelled up the side of the leg. As Paracelsus said, "The dose makes the poison.". Fritchey, Philip, Practial Herbalism, 2004. Unique Biochemical and Mineral Composition of Whale Ear Bones For one, ears that "float" inside a whale's head allow it to figure out where sounds are coming from underwater. "We have that experience when we submerge entirely in a pool," he said. In all studied variables, bioapatites of the cetacean involucrum were intermediate in composition and structure between those of tooth enamel on the one hand and those of dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone on the other. According to Cranford, baleen whales might be particularly susceptible to negative effects from these sounds. M2UzMDc4YWExN2IwOWZmODhmMjliN2U2YjY2ZjMzNzgxM2JiOGYyYmU2MTYx Red stars represent the protocetids; red circles represent the other archaeocetes. ZTNhZGI0ZTYzODJlYTVmOTVmZDI3ZWYxYzQ4YjZhZDYwYjMyNGIwMjE4MTc5 Whales are the largest animal living in the sea, and their large tail muscle is a source of great strength. Mr. Mourlam and Dr. Orliac compared nine parameters of the cochlea of terrestrial and semi-aquatic even-toed animals (orange area, Figure 2) to those of the early whales (red area, Figure 2) and to modern whales (Mysticeti: blue area; Odontoceti: pink area, Figure 2): Figure 2. And the next day the swelling was all gone and he could walk on it with no pain, as if nothing had happened. Studies done with the whole plant (rather than with isolated constituents) do not show carcinogenic effects but rather the opposite. May be it is the synonym of Asphaltum, (Shilajit in an Indian Sanskrit). All rights reserved. There are two ways sound can reach a whale's tympanoperiotic complex (TPC), an "interlocking bony puzzle" of ear bones that is rigidly attached to the skull. (Credit: Gabriel Barathieu / CC BY-SA 2.0), Hautier 2016 / doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.061). But they were most probably able to communicate underwater, like seals do, Dr. Orliac added. https://www.hairguard.com/benefits-bamboo-extract/. ". Here, we investigate the mineralogical and biochemical properties of the involucrum, as these may hold clues to the aquatic adaptations of cetaceans. Others think that the ear channel is closed off, and both the channel and ear hole have become a vestigal organ--useless since they evolved (much like our appendix). One reason that whales hear so well is that they have three to five times more brain cells dedicated to hearing than humans do. Pomatodelphis inaequalis So she basically where's it 24/7 . However, the risk of genetic damage from these PAs appears to be lowTo minimize potential risk, lengthy internal use is to be discouraged." Crosses represent Oligocene (pink), Miocene (magenta), and more recent (purple) odontocetes. Anything in contact with the skin is absorbed to some extent and is carried throughout the body. see no problem with making a tea out of the leaves. When I broke my lower leg I simply applied the powder to the skin above the break, but the location isn't critical. Its mucilage properties are especially helpful for the joints. Whale Ear Casting PCA of Nine Parameters of the Cochlea within Artiodactyla This dataset was compiled based [+] on the PCA of Churchill et al. Please make a tax-deductible gift today. Comfrey is used to speed the healing of broken bones. Ancient whales were able to hear like their terrestrial ancestors, according to a new study based on analyses of the structures of ancient whale ear bone fossils. It has help some people heal fractures and this is one way to avoid poisonous alkaloids from comfrey. The only known skull of Cotylocara doesn't An individual image is created by placing a sample under the x-ray generator, which emits X-rays that travel through the sample and are documented by an x-ray detector on the opposite side. Get the latest science news in your RSS reader with ScienceDaily's hourly updated newsfeeds, covering hundreds of topics: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. How much U.S. forest is old growth? Instead, they have ear holes located right behind the eye. I expected it to hurt bad, but nothing happened until a few hours later and then it started swelling and hurting real bad. Bowhead Whales: Songbirds Of The Arctic Sea, Forbes (link). I believe the CSIRO scientist who did the research (finding "so many more alkalysing pyrroloids" than ever before) was put up to it, to kill people's faith in this remedy. Living whales have specialized ear bones that let them hear the high-frequency sounds bouncing off their prey. "What our contribution does is give us a window into how the world's largest animals hear, by an odd mechanism no less," he said. MTg5ZmRjZjY1NTczYzNkYTY0NDM1ZWExNDIxMmI1N2I3ZjkxMGZmM2ZjMTA5 Whale symbolism and meaning encourages you to ride the waves or delve deeper into the subconscious and embrace healing and nurturing. For every 4 ounces (by weight) of oil, add 1 T. beeswax pastilles. It will NOT kill you. If you have any Idea how I can dissolve them it would be a great blessing. I am a biological scientist but not a physician. The hairballs which showed back up after I slowed down on the Covid supplements and other supplements have once again come to naught. This new joint is between two bones that are nowhere near each other in non-mammals: the squamosal in the skull and the dentary in the mandible. So I am putting fresh comfrey leaves out for all of my chickens to eat; it will be good for all of them and especially for my lame chicken. Another story: My sister's neck was really scraped up and brush-burned really bad and looked terribleshe was screamingcrying a lot! Hear Res. If you pour comfrey tea onto sanitary pads, freeze them, and use them instead of regular sanitary pads in days following childbirth, postpartum mothers will experience pain relief and quick healing. He was pretty stressed out and desperate as he and his wife had just sold their property and were packing up to leave in a few weeks. Some people added aloe vera extracts and oil to improve healing. Have any problems using the site? Not only does comfrey benefit the outside structure of the body, it is healing to the entire skeletal system. Mickal J. Mourlam and Maeva J. Orliac (2017). Raspberry tea healed my indigestion after I was forced to eat "junk food" for 3 days whilst staying with my husband's cousin. Unlike pressure waves passing through soft tissue, longer waves lengths are amplified as they vibrate the skull. Recipe: Comfrey is best used fresh and simmered. Smithsonian Profiles Comfrey salve is wonderful for hemorrhoids. This will speed the healing of the fracture dramatically. Abbreviations: ca, cochlear aqueduct; cc, cochlear canal; fc, fenestra cochleae; fv, fenestra vestibuli; pb, petrosal bone; sbl, secondary bony lamina (imprint of basal ridge). The next morning it didn't look half as bad!!!!!! Of course, MSM is not as good of solvent for allantoin as DMSO. Turned all black & blue. 2013 Jul;301:4-18. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.10.004. Add cup dry comfrey leaves to a jar. The fin whale skull used for their experiment now resides in SDSU's Museum of Biodiversity. 2010 Aug 4;5(8):e11927. YjUwMWUwZDc4ZmI5ZjI1Yzk5M2VmYWViYWUyYjk5NjNiNzA3YzRjMzAyMGMx Please send us some feedback! A.) Create Your Free Account or Sign In to Read the Full Story. I will continue rubbing on castor oil. Currently, there are two competing hypotheses regarding which end of the hearing frequency spectrum evolved first: did the early whales (Protocetidae) first begin hearing low-frequency sounds (i. e; ref) or high-frequency sounds (ref)? Hope your chicken bounced back :), I am happy to say I can't even tell which hen had the injury. Dont yet have access? Pour olive oil over the leaves to cover and a little more. You can guarantee a stronger ointment if you make it yourself. Once you have comfrey salve in your house, you will wonder how you lived without it. This process was long and difficult because this cavity was filled with sediments and partly recrystallized and because the petrosal bone in cetaceans is particularly thick and dense, which lowers the quality of the images and sometimes impedes analyzing them, said the study's co-author, Dr. Orliac. ). YWQwZTNkNTlkN2Y1ZWFjYTJlMTNiNmIxNjBmM2U5Iiwic2lnbmF0dXJlIjoi (No more than 1/3 of it should be castor. I then cover that with oil until jar is 3/4 full. Males of this species are famous for their songs. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. New research by San Diego State University biologist Ted W. Cranford and University of California, San Diego engineer Petr Krysl reveals that the skulls of at least some baleen whales, specifically fin whales in their study, have acoustic properties that capture the energy of low frequencies and direct it to their ear bones. Early evolution of the ossicular chain in Cetacea: into the middle ear gears of a semi-aquatic protocetid whale. They were just about out and didn't want to be without because it works so well. MDBmZThhMjI5NWUwMDhmZjY0ODVjZjEyNDFhYjdjZjg5NmM0YWY1YWY0NDNl Questions? Comfrey made into a tea can relieve diarrhea or irritation in the digestive tract. To learn more about our cookies, how we use them and their benefits, please read our Privacy Policy, Posted by Heidi (Narvon, Pa) on 09/15/2014, Posted by JoCarol (United States) on 04/10/2019, Posted by HisJewel (New York) on 10/04/2021, Posted by J (Jefferson, Texas) on 01/25/2018, Posted by Julie (Melbourne, Australia) on 08/26/2014, Posted by Romona (Olivet, Michigan) on 03/16/2009, Posted by Howard (Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66201) on 12/21/2008, Posted by Ann (Union County, NJ) on 03/03/2007, Posted by Carol (OKC, U. S. Their next step is to try to replicate the study for other species of baleen whales. Comparisons with other fossil and modern whales and terrestrial relatives reveal that earliest whales hearing capacities were similar to those of their terrestrial kin and that infrasonic/ultrasonic hearing evolved after the emergence of modern whales. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. Not recommended for internal use as there is some controversy about carcinogenic effects. Now, new research is highlighting just how marine mammals evolved to listen underwater. Many of them produce vocalizations in the same frequency range as human-made noises, and too much human-made noise could limit the distance over which the whales are able to communicate about things like food and mates. Based on their studies, Mr. Mourlam and Dr. Orliac conclude that the extreme hearing abilities of modern whales is derived from a mid-frequency ancestral ear. The tympano-periotic complex forming the ear region consists of a ventral bowl-shaped tympanic bone in direct contact with the surrounding soft tissues and the incident sound, and a dorsal periotic bone containing the inner ear. I can't see any visible signs of trauma or break on her foot or leg. NjJhMDc5ODE4NzU3Zjg1Mjg3OTYxZjFkMjBiNDNmMDRkY2M0MmY4MGJiMGJm Or you can melt in beeswax to make a salve. In addition, whale meat in the diet can reduce. He applied the cream three times a day for a week. The defining characteristic of cetaceans is a thick and dense lip (pachyosteosclerotic involucrum) of an ear bone (the tympanic). Besides broken bones, these externally poulticed leaves and roots are also used for cuts, bruises and sprains.". (B, C, E, and F) Detail of the cochlea in medial (B and E), ventral (C), and antero-ventral (F) views. Marine mammals also need a streamlined head for fast and easy movement through water that external ears would impede. Apparently sound brings the tympanic bone, and especially its thin tympanic plate, into vibration. Cetaceans are obligate aquatic mammals derived from terrestrial artiodactyls. Epub 2014 Mar 17. Squares represent Oligocene (cyan), Miocene (light blue), and more recent (black) mysticetes. Based on the scans provided by the scanner, we could extract a virtual mold of the hollow cavity that used to contain the hearing organ when the animal was alive, Dr. Orliac explained. infrasonic sounds. "Overall, the description of Cotylocara underscores the need to investigate the inner ear of fossil Oligocene cetaceans in much more detail, because that's where the answer will be," Pyenson says. Thanks. Whales The anatomy of the killer whale middle ear (Orcinus orca) Comparisons with other fossil and modern whales and terrestrial relatives reveal that earliest whales hearing capacities were similar to those of their terrestrial kin and that infrasonic/ultrasonic hearing evolved after the emergence of modern whales. WebThe ear bones of all whales are extremely hard and dense, and they are common in whale fossils found in marine sediments. This newfound behavior may offer a clue to how these reptiles will respond to a warming planet. Bookshelf ZTg1ZTI0ZjkzY2E0OTg4MWNkMjAzMGMyNzAwNDI3ZTBiZmZmZGI0YTViMGNh Content on this website is for information only. ZTY1MDU0YzE0NGZiYTY4NjgyNTkzNTAyM2I5Yzk3MjYxYWI3YzZkZDM1MGQy The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale. The different auditory frequencies that modern whales perceive also affect nearly every aspect of their lives and natural history, from the sort of habitats they live in to what they eat. If you want to be scared off, you will. I'm sorry I did not see your post. Cranford and Krysl were able to obtain the animal's head for their research, placing it in an X-ray CT scanner originally designed for rocket motors. Grapical Abstract: Mourlam and Orliac describe the inner ear of two partly terrestrial early whales [+] (Protocetidae). A mother sperm whale and her calf off the coast of Mauritius. It works wonders!!!! The large symbols correspond to the centroid of the three main morphospaces. Yes I have Honours in Biochemistry, and I research until I get to the truth. In these species the jaw joint is also called the temporomandibular joint, or TMJ. I harvest the leaves before I cut the flowers off and this also serves to help stop it spreading, which it would otherwise have a strong tendency to do. What it does is it takes out the oxygen component from the DMSO to get DMS. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily, its staff, its contributors, or its partners. To approach a question 400 million years in the making, researchers turned to mudskippers, blinking fish that live partially out of water. The only time she doesn't have the neck brace on is when she's showering . J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. San Diego State University. [T]he extreme density of the bone in protocete cetaceans made it difficult to work with the scanned images, Dr. Orliac elaborated in email. Most of what scientists know about how whales hear comes from inferring their frequency range from their own vocalizations, as well as anatomic studies of the ears and some sound playback experiments with whales in controlled environments. The strongest pieces of evidence for this hypothesis, Geisler explains, are cavities at the base of the snout and on top of the skull that probably held air sinuses. Get more great content like this delivered right to you! Comfrey is nutritive to the joints and bones. About a month ago I stubbed my toe very hard. It is pretty greasy and not sure if it extracts the comfrey as well as olive or almond.). The defining characteristic of cetaceans is a thick and dense lip (pachyosteosclerotic involucrum) of an ear bone (the tympanic). Comfrey, when taken internally damages the liver! Borax, for example. Talking Orca Learns To Mimic Human Speech, Forbes (link). When you're trying to track a fish in the murky ocean, forget about using your eyesuse your ears. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (2) The round head of the malleus, in combination with a fitting round depression on the periotic side, seems to form a joint. All rights reserved. Heat the oil in a double boiler. This unique feature is absent in modern terrestrial artiodactyls and is suggested to be important in underwater hearing. So after the cast was removed she continued to give her the capsules and applied the salve on the arm around the broken area. Inside South Africas skeleton trade. He does go on to describe ways to use it internally. MzBhZjZlMzU2NDdlY2YwMDIyOTRiNDdhNGMyMjc5MTNiYTkzNzY2M2E0MWZm This bone resembles a coiled snail shell. OTlhOGViYmMzNmY2ZWFiOTFiNWIzOGYwM2FiYmU3NzQ1OTEzMTg2YTcxYTYw Fossil Whale Offers Clues to Origins of 'Seeing With Sound'. Science and AAAS are working tirelessly to provide credible, evidence-based information on the latest scientific research and policy, with extensive free coverage of the pandemic. - Leading evolutionists focusing on teeth, ear bones, ankles, mouth, or genes thus argue for a different land ancestor - Since 1998, leading institutions argue whether whales evolved from animals like hyenas, cats, deer, wolves, My mother is 87 years old. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER.