Thus the normal resorts were avoided, one forsook one's usual seat to sit on the ground, like Job on the village midden (Job 2:8), or begrimed the personal or the clothes with dust and scored the face or the body. dabbling in Baal worship, the problem faded after the return from exile in
And there were also perverted persons in the land. Oort, Worship of Baalim in Israel (transl. While there were traces of it later, Baal worship was never again the
This excavated bronze figurine of Baal reveals a haughty look, given to him by a Canaanite craftsmen. They were made the symbols of the reproductive powers of nature, and thus their worship ministered to sexual indulgences, which it at the same time legalized and encouraged. Ba'al-Worship did not play so great a part in the later religion of Judah as did the adoration of the heavenly bodies and related usages borrowed from Assyria and Babylonia. Language of Canaan). It prevailed in the time of Moses among the Moabites and Midianites, Nu 22:41 and through them spread to the Israelites. Baal-hamon4. For many faithful Jews, that sounded too much like a return to a
Ugaritic texts tell of other fertility aspects of Baal, such as his relations with Anath, his consort and sister, and also his siring a divine bull calf from a heifer. In Arabic "ba'al," as applied to persons, is confined to the meaning of "husband.". of being unfaithful to their covenant relationship with Yahweh. WebAfrica is the culture of Gaia, the first to appear, and hence the one that suffered most the destructive age of mankind - the age of the machine, first with its people used as cargo slave of gunboats, justified by the Ham Damnation - a Jewish racist He was also called the Lord of Rain and Dew, the two forms of moisture that were indispensable for fertile soil in Canaan. By calling upon Baal, the rain god, and encouraging his intervention by rituals of imitative magic involving sexual union, their tensions were released and purged. The Babylonian creation hymn, Enuma Elish , describes a great has remained so ever since. 5 is to be corrected by the LXX.). In the Old Testament this is euphemistically termed "passing" the victim "through the fire" (2 Ki 16:3; 21:6). the opposite perspective, Baal worship was a denial that God was really
The Semitic word Baal means "lord" or "master" and the Canaanites believed that Baal was in absolute control over nature and over people. Language of Canaan: The Old Testament and the Israelite Perception of the
Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Baal-peor6. was an important concern, not only for survival, but also due to the fact
WebThe last volume of the encyclopedia deals with the extinction of Earth as a ribosomal point of the galacell whose function along its stars is to conive the gravitational informative 'Dna' of the organic galaxy which is a factory of positive frozen top quark stars, aka black holes (Einstein's frozen star hypothesis) and protein like negative strangelets that form the After their settlement the Israelites began to live as did the people of the land, and with the new mode of industrial and domestic life came the example and the incitement of the religious use and wont that were inseparable from the soil. Baal worship was a powerful attraction to the people of Israel and eventually led to their destruction and exile. All these various forms of the Sun-god were collectively known as the Baalim or "Baals" who took their place by the side of the female Ashtaroth and Ashtrim. of Jericho and routing the Canaanite and Philistine armies. What of the multitudes (of men)?After Baal I shall go down to the underworld! monotheism that arose from the purge of Baal worship from their corporate
Systems of Transliteration Citation of Proper Names. That was simply a theological way for the Israelites to say
They believed that the only god who was superior to Baal was his father El, but Baal was the principal deity of the land. CRI / Voice, Institute
BAAL-ZEBUB (lord of the fly), and worshipped at Ekron. hardly be overestimated. After the time of Ahab, however, the name became associated with the worship and rites of the Phoenician deity introduced into Samaria by Jezebel, and its idolatrous associations accordingly caused it to fall into disrepute. Hence both Jonathan and David had sons called Merib-baal (1 Ch 8:31; 9:40) and Beeliada (1 Ch 14:7). She complements Baal, abetting him in his conflict and vindicating him when he succumbs, possibly reflecting the role of women at the critical seasons of transition in popular religion or when the order of the gods is temporarily in eclipse. Such districts were regarded as being fertilized bydivine agency, and as each of them had its own divinity or demon as the "owner" of the soil, such a being was called its "Ba'al." Language of Canaan: The Old Testament and the Israelite Perception of the
The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. It wasn't long before the Kings of Judah followed in the footsteps of their brother in the North: 1 Kings 14:22-24 Now Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked Him to jealousy with their sins which they committed, more than all that their fathers had done. Related to such phases is certainly the weeping of the women in Jerusalem for Tammuz (Ezekiel 8:14) and possibly the annual lamentation of the maidens of Israel, which may be only secondarily related to the mourning for Jephthah's daughter (Judges 11-39-40).". Not only was lack of rain a threat to survival, it was
heavens and establishing the cycles of nature. What we know of the basic elements of the Baal myth actually comes from two groups of texts. Baal religion revolved around
some stability in the physical world, assisted by humans in their service to
This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baal-ancient-deity, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Baal, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Ba'al and Ba'al-Worship, Baal - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Updates? Or, to express this idea from
However, according to Thucydides, a historian renowned for his high chronological accuracy, Themistocles met Artaxerxes, who had succeeded Xerxes, his father, just after the fall of Nexos (The Peloponnesian War The Semitic word Baal means "lord" or "master" and the Canaanites believed that Baal was in absolute control over nature and over people. From this experience they could easily work backward to
Here the name (Bel) is that of one of the earliest and most honored of national deities. Babylonian thinking, was an ongoing struggle between order and chaos, a way
And he brought them forth vestments.2 Kings 3:2 - And he wrought evil in the sight of the LORD; but not like his father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made.2 Kings 10:18 - And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them, Ahab served Baal a little; [but] Jehu shall serve him much.Judges 6:30 - Then the men of the city said unto Joash, Bring out thy son, that he may die: because he hath cast down the altar of Baal, and because he hath cut down the grove that [was] by it.1 Kings 18:40 - And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. People groups around and in Canaan worshipped some version of Baal for many years. WebPostscript. Yet when any community came to exert a wide influence, as did the city of Tyre, the worship of its deity extended among the dependent cities and might even be adopted elsewhere by virtue of alliances, political or matrimonial, on the part of the rulers of the respective states. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved. 75), and four times in the plural (suras ii. Hence, there was a Baal-Zur, "Baal of Tyre"; Baal-hermon, "Baal of Hermon" (Jdg 3:3); Baal-Lebanon, "Baal of Lebanon"; Baal-Tarz, "Baal of Tarsus." Full Article, VI. xix. If people from the ancient Middle East were to watch this spectacle, they would WebDangers and Evils of the Worship. The term "Ba'al," therefore, which is usually explained as meaning "lord," is properly "possessor" or "owner," and is so used in a great variety of applications in common Hebrew speech. assertion that if God alone is God, as the shema in Deuteronomy 6:4
It is this context
Each locality had its own Baal or divine "Lord" who frequently took his name from the city or place to which he belonged. and they that handle the law knew me not: the pastors also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after [things that] do not profit.Numbers 22:41 - And it came to pass on the morrow, that Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal, that thence he might see the utmost [part] of the people.Jeremiah 7:9 - Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye know not;Zephaniah 1:4 - I will also stretch out mine hand upon Judah, and upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place, [and] the name of the Chemarims with the priests;1 Kings 18:25 - And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock for yourselves, and dress [it] first; for ye [are] many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire [under].1 Kings 19:18 - Yet I have left [me] seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.1 Kings 22:53 - For he served Baal, and worshipped him, and provoked to anger the LORD God of Israel, according to all that his father had done.Jeremiah 23:13 - And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they prophesied in Baal, and caused my people Israel to err.Hosea 2:8 - For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, [which] they prepared for Baal. Marduk is the spring sun that gives life and renewed energy
Theologie, pp. Physical World, See Copyright and User Information Notice. And they smote them with the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast [them] out, and went to the city of the house of Baal.Jeremiah 11:17 - For the LORD of hosts, that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal.Jeremiah 12:16 - And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, The LORD liveth; as they taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built in the midst of my people.2 Kings 23:4 - And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Bethel.1 Kings 18:21 - And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? "Ashtar") and the relation between the two deities was set forth as the example and the motive of unbridled sensuality. Yahweh, the God of Israel, continually condemned the worship of Baal, and the Lord sent His prophets to warn them of this idolatry and of the corruption of Baal's fertility rites. ; Nowack, Hebr. by Colenso, 1865); Bthgen, Beitrge zur Semit. 1 et seq.) It is from this perspective that
transformed to apply to Yahweh (for example, "rider of the clouds" in
fruitful or barren to describe vitality in human beings. In spite Enuma Elish, these texts deal with
WebThese names include Semiramis, Nimrod, Isis, Horus, Set, Elohim, Baal, Lucifer, and many others too numerous to name. By calling upon Baal, the rain god, and encouraging his intervention by rituals of imitative magic involving sexual union, their tensions were released and purged. xlvi. a. little imagination to see the connection between the human sexual act and
Full Article, VI. This led to the
Yahweh who did those things (see Speaking the
The myths also tell of Baals struggle to obtain a palace comparable in grandeur to those of other gods. We find this worship also in Phoenician colonies. They had one God for crises and another god for everyday life. Others have held that it was in the time of Jonah; still others, that it was a woman whom the people of Bakk worshiped. play (see God as a "jealous" God). Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. of thinking no doubt related to the uncertainties of life in the ancient
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Basically, Baal was the storm god, the bringer of rain, and thus fertility,
At Name and Character of Baal:In Babylonia it was the title specially applied to Merodach of Babylon, which in time came to be used in place of his actual name. 4 et seq.). The Semitic word Baal means "lord" or "master" and the Canaanites believed that Baal was in absolute control over WebThe last volume of the encyclopedia deals with the extinction of Earth as a ribosomal point of the galacell whose function along its stars is to conive the gravitational informative 'Dna' of the organic galaxy which is a factory of positive frozen top quark stars, aka black holes (Einstein's frozen star hypothesis) and protein like negative strangelets that form the (Enki) then created humanity to be servants of the gods so they would
Web60 views, 2 likes, 3 loves, 7 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from First Baptist Church Warner Robins: Good morning church family, come and celebrate 81 adversity, and worship the Lord laguardia community college email login ANASAYFA. The
in the exodus. 228, xxiv. "Here we have the mourning rites, familiar among the ancient Semites and in Israel. Marduk continued to bring order into the chaos
6 [A. V. 5]), which means "Jehovah is Ba'al.". role in Canaanite world view. WebBaal is a false christ and it should be obvious that all worship of self, even though disguised as worship of Christ but which evades the principle of the cross is in reality Baal The question as to the origin of the Worship of Ba'al among the Hebrews can only be settled by tracing it among the Semites in general and especially among the Babylonians. And the people answered him not a word.1 Kings 18:19 - Now therefore send, [and] gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel's table.Jeremiah 11:13 - For [according to] the number of thy cities were thy gods, O Judah; and [according to] the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye set up altars to [that] shameful thing, [even] altars to burn incense unto Baal.Judges 6:31 - And Joash said unto all that stood against him, Will ye plead for Baal? ; Smend, Alttest. On the other hand, the Assyrian (Babylonian) "bl," originally the same word, implies especially lordship over men, though it is also, as in all north-Semitic languages, used as a mere noun of relation. WebOnly after two major reformations aimed at the elimination of Baal worship (2 Kings 18:4-6; 23:4-15) and the chastisement involved in the national disaster of 587 b.c., did a majority For the later legend see Al-Tha'labi (died 1036), "ia al-Anbiya," ed. WebIt also considers a major element of any study of history: chronology. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. of Israelite culture was the worship of Baal. The Babylonian creation hymn,
With them came the danger of mixing the rites of the false gods and the true God; and, as a matter of fact, the syncretism did take place and contributed more than anything else to the religious and moral decline of Israel. he that will plead for him, let him be put to death whilst [it is yet] morning: if he [be] a god, let him plead for himself, because [one] hath cast down his altar.Jeremiah 32:29 - And the Chaldeans, that fight against this city, shall come and set fire on this city, and burn it with the houses, upon whose roofs they have offered incense unto Baal, and poured out drink offerings unto other gods, to provoke me to anger.Judges 6:25 - And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and cut down the grove that [is] by it:2 Kings 17:16 - And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, [even] two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal.2 Kings 21:3 - For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel; and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.Judges 6:28 - And when the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was cast down, and the grove was cut down that [was] by it, and the second bullock was offered upon the altar [that was] built.2 Kings 10:22 - And he said unto him that [was] over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal. It must be life-giving rain, falling
2014. the worship of Baal to their worship of Yahweh (called syncretism). The Canaanites worshiped Baal as the sun god and as the storm godhe is usually depicted holding a lightning boltwho defeated enemies and produced crops. The Hebrew scriptures speak frequently of the Baal of a given place or refers to Baalim in the plural, suggesting the evidence of local deities, or lords, of various locales. Roman Empire Map - Middle East. See Copyright and User Information Notice, Copyright 2016,
The Book of Hosea speaks eloquently and pathetically of the moral and religious ruin which it wrought in the days just before the fall of the monarchy. We must make our hearts pure before they can be filled with Gods worship. For they also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and wooden images on every high hill and under every green tree. In the formative stages of Israels history, the presence of Baal names did not necessarily mean apostasy or even syncretism. Ba'al-ze'bub was the form of the name of Baal who was worshiped at the Philistine city of Ekron. and of Ahab (I Kings xvi. Gini coefficient by country eurostat migration. ancient theme of an original primeval ocean that threatens to break out and
Mot demanded Baal, the life givers' surrender, and the cry when forth: "Baal is dead! Baal the Life GiverBaal (ba'al) was an ancient Canaanite and Mesopotamian deity associated with agriculture. At other times the title was attached to the name of an individual god; thus we have Bel-Merodach, "the Lord Merodach" (or "Bel is Merodach") at Babylon, Baal-Melkarth at Tyre, Baal-gad (Josh 11:17) in the north of Palestine. Then he set up an altar for Baal in the temple of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. Marduk represents the forces of order, the coming of
It was to the Ba'als that the popular worship of the high places was paid; or, more frequently, to Yhwh Himself with Baalish rites. 28 et seq. asserts, then they cannot worship both Yahweh and Baal. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. Skinner said, More probably the sense is simply teem with, indicating the place or element in which the swarming creatures abound (Genesis, p. 27). Ba'al-ze'bub was the form of the name of Baal who was worshiped at the Philistine city of Ekron. defeated Yamm, and his cohorts, Tannin, the dragon of the sea, and Loran (or
The Phoenician writer Sanchuniathon (Philo Byblius, Fragmenta II) accordingly says that the children of the first generation of mankind "in time of drought stretched forth their hands to heaven toward the sun; for they regarded him as the sole Lord of heaven, and called him Beel-samen, which means `Lord of Heaven' in the Phoenician language and is equivalent to Zeus in Greek" Baal-Shemaim had a temple at Umm el-Awamid between Acre and Tyre, and his name is found in inscriptions from the Phoenician colonies of Sardinia and Carthage.II. On the one hand he gave light and warmth to his worshippers; on the other hand the fierce heats of summer destroyed the vegetation he had himself brought into being. ix. Hosea suggests and Jeremiah graphically depicts the debauchery and
Baal-zebubI. Also known as: Baal Shamen, Baal Shemin, Baalim. WebBiblical narrative incorporates tales of Baal worship into the traditions of the wilderness wandering, thus tracing Baal worship to the earliest period of Israel's existence. [60] Names including the element Baal the gods, that would allow continued human existence. Baal-gad ( "lord of good fortune," Josh 11:17)Baal-hamon ( "lord of wealth," Song 8:11)Baal-hazor ( "Baal's village," 2 Sam 13:23)Baal-meon ( "lord of the dwelling," Num 32:38)Baal-peor ( "lord of the opening," Deut 4:3)Baal-tamar ( "lord of the palm tree," Judg 20:33), and others. Enuma Elish, describes a great battle among the gods,primarily
Of this, however, there is no proof, and the sense of "possessor" is derived from that of "lord." All this was part of his fertility role, which, when fulfilled, meant an abundance of crops and fertility for animals and mankind. Ahab did more to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel who were before him. CP. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. Thus a "ba'al of dreams"is a dreamer; a "ba'al of anger" is an angry man; a "ba'al of wings" is a bird; a "ba'al of edges" is two-edged; "ba'alim of a covenant" are allies; "ba'als of an oath" are conspirators. When any divinity is called "ba'al" or "a ba'al," the designation must be understood to imply not a ruler of men, but a possessor or controller of certain things. goddess of war, and Astarte, the goddess of earth and fertility, Baal
The narrative (Numb 25) seems clearly to show that this form of Baal-worship was connected with licentious rites. Yahweh, the God of Israel, continually condemned the worship of Baal, and the Lord sent His prophets to warn them of this idolatry and of the corruption of Baal's fertility rites. BAAL-PEOR (lord of the opening, i.e. In Phoenician he was called Baal Shamen, Lord of the Heavens. polytheistic syncretism. many of the names and titles carried by Baal were taken over and
While we have no surviving Canaanite religious texts, the accounts of
In Biblical Canaan "on the hillsides are grown vines and lives, which, with natural pine and cedar forests in the Lebanon and Amanus, were the main products of the land. 2. These rains are heralded by thunder, and 'the lord' (Baal) was known to the Canaanites by his proper name Hadad, 'the Thunderer', or Rimmon, which means the same. The second group of texts come from Ugarit, in northern Syria. catastrophe if it did not return in the Spring. And Ahab made a wooden image. Moreover, Nippur, like other Babylonian cities, had its own local deity under whose auspices the city itself and its temple were founded, and who seems to have received the name Bel, "lordly, dominant," by reason of the renown and influence of this central shrine. They were easily convinced
Hence, human victims were sacrificed to him in order to appease his anger in time of plague or other trouble, the victim being usually the first-born of the sacrificer and being burnt alive. The Northern Kingdom of Israel wanted idolatry and the Lord gave them over to Assyria, the Southern Kingdom of Judah wanted idolatry and the Lord gave them over to Babylon, both lands filled to the brink with idolatry. Yet such fluidity in the use of the term baal did not prevent it from being attached to a god of distinct character. All these various forms of the Sun-god were collectively known as the Baalim or "Baals" who took their place by the side of the female Ashtaroth and Ashtrim. The religion of the ancient British islands much resembled this ancient worship of Baal, and may have been derived from it. "The Powerful Attraction to Baal in Israel and Judah. marginal area of the world the fertility of land and crops played a large
It is not correct, therefore, to speak of Ba'al as being a universal Semitic deity, nor even as being the object of a common Canaanitish worship. 3d ed. It is hardly likely that the passage embodies a reference to a god Ba'al whose worship was common throughout Palestine, for "the Baal," according to the context, does not necessarily mean anything more than Melkart, the deity specially honored by the Phenicians (Sidonians), and in fact it appears that there were many Ba'als in Palestine, each of whom stood on an independent footing (compare Baal-berith, Ba'alim, etc.). world, primarily growing crops or raising livestock, as well as the growth
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Baal-gad ( "lord of good fortune," Josh 11:17)Baal-hamon ( "lord of wealth," Song 8:11)Baal-hazor ( "Baal's village," 2 Sam 13:23)Baal-meon ( "lord of the dwelling," Num 32:38)Baal-peor ( "lord of the opening," Deut 4:3)Baal-tamar ( "lord of the palm tree," Judg 20:33), and others. Son of God. the danger inherent in drought and ensuing famine. However, as Jeremiah makes clear, it was a recurring problem in the Southern
It is in this context that drought had such impact throughout the
Baal-Worship:In the earlier days of Hebrew history the title Baal, or "Lord," was applied to the national God of Israel, a usage which was revived in later times, and is familiar to us in the King James Version. This excavated bronze figurine of Baal reveals a haughty look, given to him by a Canaanite craftsmen. Generally at death, which is a crisis in society when the community is especially open to the influences of the supernatural, normal activities were suspended to thwart those forces. The gods began to build
It had prophets by the hundred, as well as priests, and had the effect of virtually though not avowedly putting the religion of Yhwh under the ban. Physical World. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. WebThe Prophets of Baal : The Sounds of Silence. Their life before the conquest of Canaan, whether lived in or outside of Palestine, was nomadic, and therefore kept them beyond the circle of religious associations promoted by the cultivation of the soil. 40 (viii. The plural, BAALIM, is found frequently, showing that he was probably worshipped under different compounds, among which appear-- 1. The usage, having thus begun in agricultural settlements, was naturally transferred to the sites of cities, all of which were in any case founded under religious auspices. Self-torture and mutilation characteristic of the Phenician type (I Kings xviii. surrounding areas. 28) were probably absent from the simpler and freer usages of the primitive local observances. Like the
Ge 36:38,39; 1Ch 1:49,50 b. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1953) pp. Nor need we hesitate to regard the Babylonian Bel, Isa 46:1 or Beaus, as essentially identical with Baal, though perhaps under some modified form. And it came to pass, as though it had been a trivial thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took as wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Sidonians; and he went and served Baal and worshiped him. The worship of Baal was popular in Egypt from the later New Kingdom in about 1400 bce to its end (1075 bce). One story reveals an interesting account about Baal's conflict with Mot, the powerful god of death, who was represented by drought and sterility. from two groups of texts. And Ahab made a wooden image. Worship u apply mcgill. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. The name of one of David's officers, who had the superintendence of his olive and sycamore plantations. the myth, represented by a female consort, Asherah or Astarte). At other times the title was attached to the name of an individual god; thus we have Bel-Merodach, "the Lord Merodach" (or "Bel is Merodach") at Babylon, Baal-Melkarth at Tyre, Baal-gad (Josh 11:17) in the north of Palestine. power, it was Baal who was in charge of the more mundane aspects of
With the help of his sister Anat, the
As the word in Hebrew also means "possessor," it has been supposed to have originally signified, when used in a religious sense, the god of a particular piece of land or soil. By the time of the prophet Hosea (mid-8th century bce) the antagonism to Baalism was so strong that the use of the term Baal was often replaced by the contemptuous boshet (shame); in compound proper names, for example, Ishbosheth replaced the earlier Ishbaal. It appears probable that it was the gradual assimilation of cities and petty states that raised the leading local deities to national prominence. Baal worship in the Old Testament correspond closely to the existing
But for the great mass of Moslems, Ba'l was an idol of gold worshiped by the people of Bakk, a town in Syria, afterward called from it "Ba'lbakk" (Baalbek). The Babylonian creation hymn, Enuma Elish, describes a great
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